p | q | P ^ q |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
1. p ^ q:
2. (p ^ q)^r
p | q | r | (p ^ q) | (p ^ q)^r |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
3. ¬(p→¬q) ^ (p ^ ¬q)
p | q | -p | -q | (p→¬q) | ¬(p→¬q) | (p ^ ¬q) | ¬(p→¬q) ^ (p ^ ¬q) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
4. (p ^ q) v (p v ¬q)
p | q | -p | -q | (p ^ q) | (p v ¬q) | (p ^ q) v (p v ¬q) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
5. (p ^ q) ^ r
P | q | r | (p ^ q) | (p ^ q) ^ r |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
6. ¬(p ^ ¬q) ^ (p ^ ¬q)
p | q | -p | -q | (p ^ ¬q) | -(p ^ ¬q) | (p ^ ¬q) | ¬(p ^ ¬q) ^ (p ^ ¬q) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
7. ¬¬(p ^ ¬q)) v (p ^ ¬q) = (p ^ ¬q)) v (p ^ ¬q)
p | q | ¬p | ¬q | (¬p ^ ¬q) | ¬(¬p ^ ¬q) | ¬(¬(¬p ^ ¬q)) | (p ^ ¬q) | ¬(¬(¬p ^ ¬q)) v (p ^ ¬q) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
8. (p v q) ^ r
p | q | r | (p v q) | (p v q) ^ r |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
9. -(-p ^ -q) ^ (-p ^ -q)
p | q | -p | -q | (-p ^ -q) | -(-p ^ -q) | (-p ^ -q) | -(-p ^ -q) ^ (-p ^ -q) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
10. (p v q) ^ -r
p | q | r | -p | -q | -r | (p v q) | (p v q) ^ -r |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
11. (p ^ q)→ r
p | q | r | (p ^ q) | (p ^ q)→ r |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
12. (p ^ q)→ -r
p | q | r | -p | -q | -r | (p ^ q) | (p ^ q)→ -r |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
13. p ↔-p
p | q | -p | -q | p ↔-p |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
14. -(p ^ -q) ^ (p ^ -q)
p | q | -p | -q | (p ^ -q) | -(p ^ -q) | (p ^ -q) | -(p ^ -q) ^ (p ^ -q) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
15. --p v --q
p | q | -p | -q | --p v --q |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
16. p v q
p | q | p v q |
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
17. (p ↔q) v r
p | q | r | (p ↔q) | (p ↔q) v r |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
18. [(-p v q) v (p ^ q)] → [(-p v q) v –p]
p | q | -p | -q | (-p v q) | (p ^ q) | (-p v q) v (p ^ q) | (-p v q) | (-p v q) v –p | [(-p v q) v (p ^ q)] → [(-p v q) v –p] |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
19. (p v –q)→ (-p→-q)
p | q | -p | -q | (p v –q) | (-p→-q) | (p v –q)→ (-p→-q) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
20. (p↔-q) v (p v –q)
p | q | -p | -q | (p↔-q) | (p v –q) | (p↔-q) v (p v –q) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
21. (-p ^ q) v (-p→ q)
p | q | -p | -q | (-p ^ q) | (-p→ q) | (-p ^ q) v (-p→ q) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
22. -q v –p
p | q | -p | -q | -q v –p |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
23. [ (p→ q) ^r] ↔ [ -(-q v r) v -r]
p | q | r | -p | -q | -r | (p→ q) | (p→ q) ^r | (-q v r) | -(-q v r) | -(-q v r) v -r | [ (p→ q) ^r] ↔ [ -(-q v r) v -r] |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
24. (-q ^ r)→ (-(-q v r) v –r)
p | q | r | -p | -q | -r | (-q ^ r) | (-q v r) | -(-q v r) | (-(-q v r) v –r) | (-q ^ r)→ (-(-q v r) v –r) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
25. ((p→ q) ^ r) → (-(p v r) v –r)
p | q | r | -p | -q | -r | (p→ q) | ((p→ q) ^ r) | (p v r) | -(p v r) | (-(p v r) v –r) | ((p→ q) ^ r) → (-(p v r) v –r) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
26. ( (p →q ) ^ (q → r)) →(p ^ -r)
p | q | r | -p | -q | -r | (p →q ) | (q → r) | ( (p →q ) ^ (q → r)) | (p ^ -r) | ( (p →q ) ^ (q → r)) →(p ^ -r) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
27. –p ↔(q ^ r) v –(-q v r)
p | q | r | -p | -q | -r | (q ^ r) | –p ↔(q ^ r) | (-q v r) | –p ↔(q ^ r) v –(-q v r) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
28. ((p v –q) → (p → q)) → ((-p → q) v –p)) v –p
p | q | -p | -q | (p v –q) | (p → q) | (p v –q) → (p → q) | (-p → q) | ((-p → q) v –p)) | ((-p → q) v –p)) v –p | ((p v –q) → (p → q)) → ((-p → q) v –p)) v –p |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
29. (-(p v q) v (p → q)) → ((-p→ q) v –p)
p | q | -p | -q | (p v q) | -(p v q) | (p → q) | (-(p v q) v (p → q)) | (-p→ q) | ((-p→ q) v –p) | (-(p v q) v (p → q)) → ((-p→ q) v –p) |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
30. (p → q) ^ (q → r) → (p ^ r)
p | q | r | (p → q) | (q → r) | (p → q) ^ (q → r) | (p ^ r) | (p → q) ^ (q → r) → (p ^ r) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
31. (p ^ q → r) → (p v r)
p | q | r | p ^ q | (p ^ q → r) | (p v r) | (p ^ q → r)→ (p v r) |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
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